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Structural

Examining the differential risk from high-level artificial intelligence and the question of control

Kilian, Ventura & Bailey (2023)

Category

"Structural risks are concerned with how AI technologies "shape and are shaped by the environments in which they are developed and deployed""(p. 3)

Entity: Who or what caused the harm

Human

Due to a decision or action made by humans

AI system

Due to a decision or action made by an AI system

Other

Due to some other reason or is ambiguous

Intent: Whether the harm was intentional or accidental

Intentional

Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal

Unintentional

Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal

Other

Without clearly specifying the intentionality

Timing: Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment

Pre-deployment

Occurring before the AI is deployed

Post-deployment

Occurring after the AI model has been trained and deployed

Other

Without a clearly specified time of occurrence

Other risks from Kilian, Ventura & Bailey (2023) (3)

Misuse

Accidents

Agential