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MIT AI Risk Initiative
BackMisuse Risks
Nature
Cyber Offense Risks

Misuse Risks

Frontier AI Risk Management Framework (v1.0)

SAIL & Concordia AI (2025)

Source
Category

"Risks arising from intentional exploitation of AI model capabilities by malicious actors to cause harm to individuals, organisations, or society."(p. 4)

Entity: Who or what caused the harm

Human

Due to a decision or action made by humans

AI system

Due to a decision or action made by an AI system

Other

Due to some other reason or is ambiguous

Intent: Whether the harm was intentional or accidental

Intentional

Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal

Unintentional

Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal

Other

Without clearly specifying the intentionality

Timing: Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment

Pre-deployment

Occurring before the AI is deployed

Post-deployment

Occurring after the AI model has been trained and deployed

Other

Without a clearly specified time of occurrence

Supporting Evidence (1)

1.
Threat source: external malicious actors(p. 4)

Other risks from SAIL & Concordia AI (2025) (36)

Loss of Control Risks

5.2 Loss of human agency and autonomy
AI systemOtherPost-deployment

Accident Risks

7.3 Lack of capability or robustness
HumanUnintentionalPost-deployment

Model Capabilities

7.2 AI possessing dangerous capabilities
Not codedNot codedNot coded

Cyber Offense Risks

4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harm
HumanIntentionalPost-deployment

Biological and Chemical Risks

4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harm
HumanIntentionalPost-deployment

Physical Harm and Injury Risks

4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harm
HumanIntentionalPost-deployment
View all 36 risks from this paper →